Duplex electrical outlets are what you typically see installed around a home. They come in either 15 or 20 amp rated, and the most common colors are white or ivory.
Electrical outlets with ground fault protection (GFCI) are installed wherever water is present. Locations around the home would include bathrooms, kitchen countertops, basements, garages, outdoor outlets, etc.
A TV electrical outlet tends to be recessed into the wall in order to mount the tv flush with the wall. It is a great way to hide the power wire for the tv.
Sometimes you have a light switch where you want it, but no electrical outlet. Sometimes visa versa. This happens in older houses. Especially in bathrooms. This is a simple way to fix a pesky problem.
These outlets sound an alarm when power is lost. They are great for installing on freezers, fridges, and any other appliances that are a high priority to keep the power on.
USB electrical outlets let you charge your devices without taking up a plug. Handy to have them on countertops, or next to a nightstand for bedtime charging.